Central-Local Relations in Flanders

kurdish diaspora in central asia and caoucasus

در طول دو قرن گذشته و ظهور روسیه بعنوان قدرتی بزرگ در عرصه جهانی و شروع رقابت با سایر قدرت های بین المللی و منطقهای خصوصا با ایران و عثمانی این ئکشور تلاش کرده است تاد از جمعیت کردها در این کشورها در راستای منافع خود بهره برداری کند در قرون 18 و 19 بارها بخشی از کردها برعلیه امپراطوری عثمانی توسط این کشور مورد استفاده قرار گرفت خصوصا در جنگ های سال 1790تا 1798. این ججنگ ها م.جب شد که بخشی از کر...

political economy of china in central asia

this research is about the political economy of china in central asia. in this research the political & economic interactions affected on chinas political economy in central asia are examined. chinas goal of presence in central asia including political-security, economic and energy goals is described in one part. in another part, the trade relations between china and central asian countries ar...

Central and Local Limit Theories in Markov Dependent Random Variables

Split Enforcement: How Central Local Relations Affect Pollution Law Enforcement in China

This paper analyses how central‐local relations shape environmental enforcement in China. It does so by seeking to understand how existing decentralized structures as well as recent trends towards centralization relate to temporal and geographical variation in enforcement since 1999‐2011. The paper finds that enforcement over time has become stricter and more frequent, however without yet match...

“Central-local Relations Revisited: the 1994 Tax Sharing Reform and Public Expenditure Management in China”

As China moves forward in its transition toward a market economy, the budget becomes increasingly important as a policy instrument. Along with monetary policy, it is the Government’s main tool for maintaining macroeconomic stability and allocating resources to achieve policy objectives, taking over the role that used to be preformed by the Plan. As the Plan is stripped of its resource support a...